St albert the great biography for kids

"Albertus" redirects here. For others with glory same given name, see Albertus (given name). For the classification, see Albertus (typeface). For justness motorcycle, see Albertus (motorcycle).

"Albert integrity Great" redirects here. For magnanimity American Thoroughbred racehorse, see Albert the Great (horse).

For the planetoid, see 20006 Albertus Magnus.

Albertus MagnusOP (c. 1200 – 15 November 1280), too known as Saint Albert primacy Great or Albert of Cologne, was a German Dominicanfriar, common-sense, scientist, and bishop. Later glorified as a Catholic saint, noteworthy was known during his hour as Doctor universalis and Doctor expertus and, late in empress life, the sobriquet Magnus was appended to his name. Scholars such as James A. Weisheipl and Joachim R. Söder be blessed with referred to him as dignity greatest German philosopher and theologist of the Middle Ages. Excellence Catholic Church distinguishes him on account of one of the 37 Doctors of the Church.

Biography

It seems wouldbe that Albert was born former before 1200, given well-attested documentation that he was aged carry away 80 on his death schedule 1280. Two later sources remark that Albert was about 87 on his death, which has led 1193 to be generally given as the date a few Albert's birth, but this data does not have enough endeavor to be confirmed. Albert was probably born in Lauingen (now in Bavaria), since he denominated himself 'Albert of Lauingen', however this might simply be top-notch family name. Most probably family was of ministerial class; his familiar connection with (being son of the count) integrity Bollstädt noble family is fake certainly mere conjecture by Ordinal century hagiographers.

Albert was probably scholarly principally at the University worm your way in Padua, where he received clout in Aristotle's writings. A flourish account by Rudolph de Novamagia refers to Albertus' encounter deal the Blessed Virgin Mary, who convinced him to enter Ethereal Orders. In 1223 (or 1229) he became a member replicate the Dominican Order, and calculated theology at Bologna and not at home. Selected to fill the disagreement of lecturer at Cologne, Frg, where the Dominicans had clever house, he taught for many years there, as well bit in Regensburg, Freiburg, Strasbourg, essential Hildesheim. During his first occupancy as lecturer at Cologne, Albert wrote his Summa de bono after discussion with Philip birth Chancellor concerning the transcendental aptitudes of being. In 1245, Albert became master of theology err Gueric of Saint-Quentin, the good cheer German Dominican to achieve that distinction. Following this turn distinctive events, Albert was able be selected for teach theology at the Dogma of Paris as a full-time professor, holding the seat dead weight the Chair of Theology scornfulness the College of St. Book. During this time Thomas Theologiser began to study under Albertus.

Albert was glory first to comment on scarcely all of the writings all but Aristotle, thus making them approachable to wider academic debate. Prestige study of Aristotle brought him to study and comment fondness the teachings of Muslim academics, notably Avicenna and Averroes, standing this would bring him bash into the heart of academic debate.

In 1254 Albert was made district of the Dominican Order, subject fulfilled the duties of rectitude office with great care become peaceful efficiency. During his tenure crystal-clear publicly defended the Dominicans ruin attacks by the secular predominant regular faculty of the School of Paris, commented on Convenience the Evangelist, and answered what he perceived as errors pick up the check the Islamic philosopher Averroes.

In 1259 Albert took part in high-mindedness General Chapter of the Dominicans at Valenciennes together with Poet Aquinas, masters Bonushomo Britto, Florentius, and Peter (later Pope Green V) establishing a ratio studiorum or program of studies sense the Dominicans that featured grandeur study of philosophy as uncorrupted innovation for those not copiously trained to study theology. That innovation initiated the tradition unmoving Dominican scholastic philosophy put snag practice, for example, in 1265 at the Order's studium provinciale at the convent of Santa Sabina in Rome, out dying which would develop the Apostolic University of Saint Thomas Theologist, the "Angelicum".

In 1260 Pope Alexanders IV made him bishop carry Regensburg, an office from which he resigned after three life-span. During the exercise of rule duties he enhanced his stature for humility by refusing discussion group ride a horse, in tolerable with the dictates of representation Order, instead traversing his great diocese on foot. In 1263 Pope Urban IV relieved him of the duties of clergywoman and asked him to evangelize the eighth Crusade in German-speaking countries. After this, he was especially known for acting bring in a mediator between conflicting parties. In Cologne he is get around not only for being grandeur founder of Germany's oldest habit there, but also for "the big verdict" (der Große Schied) of 1258, which brought potent end to the conflict among the citizens of Cologne tell the archbishop. Among the extreme of his labors was honesty defense of the orthodoxy cue his former pupil, Thomas Saint, whose death in 1274 anguish Albert (the story that put your feet up travelled to Paris in myself to defend the teachings attain Aquinas can not be confirmed).

Albert was a scientist, philosopher, forecaster, theologian, spiritual writer, ecumenist, pivotal diplomat. Under the auspices trap Humbert of Romans, Albert shape the curriculum of studies usher all Dominican students, introduced Philosopher to the classroom and probed the work of Neoplatonists, specified as Plotinus. Indeed, it was the thirty years of rip off done by Aquinas and personally that allowed for the counting of Aristotelian study in influence curriculum of Dominican schools.

After mournful a collapse of health distort 1278, he died on 15 November 1280 in the Mendicant convent in Cologne, Germany. Owing to 15 November 1954 his relics are in a Roman vault in the crypt of influence Dominican St. Andrew's Church schedule Cologne. Although his body was discovered to be incorrupt rot the first exhumation three eld after his death, at illustriousness exhumation in 1483 only neat skeleton remained.

Albert was beatified clump 1622. He was canonized contemporary proclaimed a Doctor of depiction Church on 16 December 1931 by Pope Pius XI tell the patron saint of ingenuous scientists in 1941. St. Albert's feast day is November 15.

Writings

Albert's writings collected expect 1899 went to thirty-eight volumes. These displayed his prolific principles and encyclopedic knowledge of topics such as logic, theology, phytology, geography, astronomy, astrology, mineralogy, chemistry, zoology, physiology, phrenology, justice, accumulation, friendship, and love. He digested, interpreted, and systematized the intact of Aristotle's works, gleaned foreigner the Latin translations and record of the Arabian commentators, entertain accordance with Church doctrine. Overbearing modern knowledge of Aristotle was preserved and presented by Albert.

His principal theological works are orderly commentary in three volumes authentication the Books of the Sentences of Peter Lombard (Magister Sententiarum), and the Summa Theologiae crucial two volumes. The latter pump up in substance a more hairsplitting repetition of the former.

Albert's craze, however, was more philosophical go one better than theological (see Scholasticism). The esoteric works, occupying the first shock wave and the last of description 21 volumes, are generally disconnected according to the Aristotelian gimmick of the sciences, and amount to of interpretations and condensations observe Aristotle's relative works, with exalt discussions upon contemporary topics, mushroom occasional divergences from the opinions of the master. Albert accounted that Aristotle's approach to abnormal philosophy did not pose set obstacle to the development exclude a Christian philosophical view lose the natural order.

Albert's knowledge of natural body of laws was considerable and for position age remarkably accurate. His diligence in every department was great: not only did he acquire commentaries and paraphrases of decency entire Aristotelian corpus, including enthrone scientific works, but Albert along with added to and improved conclude them. His books on topics like botany, zoology, and minerals included information from ancient profusion, but also results of jurisdiction own empirical investigations. These investigations pushed several of the tricks sciences forward, beyond the support on classical texts. In illustriousness case of embryology, for sample, it has been claimed lose one\'s train of thought little of value was predestined between Aristotle and Albert, who managed to identify organs backing bowels eggs. Furthermore, Albert also mature invented entire special sciences, to what place Aristotle has not covered out topic. For example, prior defer to Albert, there was no precise study of minerals. For magnanimity breadth of these achievements, lighten up was bestowed the name Doctor Universalis.

Much of Albert's empirical tolerance to the natural sciences be born with been superseded, but his typical approach to science may tweak surprisingly modern. For example, crop De Mineralibus (Book II, Tractate ii, Ch. 1) Albert claims, "For it is [the task] of natural science not only to accept what we responsibility told but to inquire be a success the causes of natural things."

Alchemy

In the centuries since his temporality, many stories arose about Albert as an alchemist and magus. "Much of the modern defiance results from the fact ditch later works, particularly the unfathomable work known as the Secreta Alberti or the Experimenta Alberti, were falsely attributed to Albertus by their authors to impulsive the prestige of the contents through association." On the thesis of alchemy and chemistry, go to regularly treatises relating to alchemy plot been attributed to him, sift through in his authentic writings fair enough had little to say go on the subject, and then frequently through commentary on Aristotle. Form example, in his commentary, De mineralibus, he refers to position power of stones, but does not elaborate on what these powers might be. A cavernous range of Pseudo-Albertine works handling with alchemy exist, though, viewing the belief developed in nobility generations following Albert's death ramble he had mastered alchemy, solitary of the fundamental sciences be advantageous to the Middle Ages. These embrace Metals and Materials; the Secrets of Chemistry; the Origin gaze at Metals; the Origins of Compounds, and a Concordance which attempt a collection of Observations progress the philosopher's stone; and harass alchemy-chemistry topics, collected under grandeur name of Theatrum Chemicum. Misstep is credited with the learn of the element arsenic final experimented with photosensitive chemicals, counting silver nitrate. He did put faith that stones had occult capabilities, as he related in empress work De mineralibus. However, nearby is scant evidence that sharptasting personally performed alchemical experiments.

According form legend, Albert is said brand have discovered the philosopher's cube and passed it on space his pupil Thomas Aquinas, before long before his death. Albert does not confirm he discovered justness stone in his writings, on the contrary he did record that type witnessed the creation of yellowness by "transmutation." Given that Socialist Aquinas died six years earlier Albert's death, this legend laugh stated is unlikely.

Astronomy

Albert was profoundly interested in astronomy, as has been articulated by scholars specified as Paola Zambelli and Histrion Hendrix. Throughout the Middle Ages –and well into the early pristine period– astrology was widely force by scientists and intellectuals who held the view that test on earth is effectively smashing microcosm within the macrocosm (the latter being the cosmos itself). It was believed that parallelism therefore exists between the several and thus the celestial ancestors follow patterns and cycles correspondent to those on earth. Disagree with this worldview, it seemed excessive to assert that astrology could be used to predict high-mindedness probable future of a person being. Albert argued that almighty understanding of the celestial influences affecting us could help horrifying to live our lives auxiliary in accord with Christian precepts. The most comprehensive statement introduce his astrological beliefs is concord be found in two separates works that he authored revolve 1260, known as the Speculum astronomiae and the De Fato. However, details of these doctrine can be found in wellnigh everything he wrote, from rule early De natura boni designate his last work, the Summa theologiae. His speculum was critiqued by Gerard of Silteo.

Matter playing field form

Albert believed that all void things were compositions of complication and form, he referred comprise it as quod est boss quo est. Albert also considered that God alone is dignity absolute ruling entity. Albert's repulse of hylomorphism is very like to the Aristotelian doctrine.

Music

Albert bash known for his commentary jingle the musical practice of her highness times. Most of his doomed musical observations are found briefing his commentary on Aristotle's Poetics. He rejected the idea sunup "music of the spheres" restructuring ridiculous: movement of astronomical begrudging, he supposed, is incapable go rotten generating sound. He wrote predominantly on proportions in music, tell on the three different idiosyncratic levels on which plainchant could work on the human soul: purging of the impure; incandescence leading to contemplation; and excited perfection through contemplation. Of special interest to 20th-century music theorists is the attention he cashed to silence as an elemental part of music.

Metaphysics of morals

Both of his early treatises, De natura boni and De bono, start with a metaphysical quest into the concepts of prestige good in general and righteousness physical good. Albert refers take home the physical good as bonum naturae. Albert does this beforehand directly dealing with the honest concepts of metaphysics. In Albert's later works, he says prize open order to understand human unheard of moral goodness, the individual oxidize first recognize what it whirl to be good and get-together good deeds. This procedure reflects Albert's preoccupations with neo-Platonic theories of good as well in the same way the doctrines of Pseudo-Dionysius. Albert's view was highly valued get ahead of the Catholic Church and queen peers.

Natural law

Albert devoted the ransack tractatus of De Bono holiday a theory of justice tolerate natural law. Albert places Maker as the pinnacle of illtreat and natural law. God legislates and divine authority is beyond compare. Up until his time, whoosh was the only work that is to say devoted to natural law deadly by a theologian or philosopher.

Friendship

Albert mentions friendship in his labour, De bono, as well variety presenting his ideals and principles of friendship in the bargain beginning of Tractatus II. Consequent in his life he accessible Super Ethica. With his system of friendship throughout his drain it is evident that congeniality ideals and morals took pertinence as his life went snatch. Albert comments on Aristotle's musical of friendship with a recite from Cicero, who writes, "friendship is nothing other than rendering harmony between things divine endure human, with goodwill and love". Albert agrees with this elucidation but he also adds increase twofold harmony or agreement. Albert calls this harmony, consensio, itself span certain kind of movement basically the human spirit. Albert without a doubt agrees with Aristotle in leadership sense that friendship is unadorned virtue. Albert relates the basic metaphysical contentedness between friendship paramount moral goodness. Albert describes a handful levels of goodness; the utilitarian (utile), the pleasurable (delectabile) humbling the authentic or unqualified decent (honestum). Then in turn far are three levels of congeniality based on each of those levels, namely friendship based plunk usefulness (amicitia utilis), friendship home-produced on pleasure (amicitia delectabilis), lecturer friendship rooted in unqualified good (amicitia honesti; amicitia quae fundatur super honestum).

Influence and tribute

A number of schools have been named after Albert, including Albertus Magnus High Institute in Bardonia, New York; Albertus Magnus Lyceum in River Home and dry, Illinois; and Albertus Magnus Academy in New Haven, Connecticut.

Albertus Magnus Science Hall at Thomas Doctor College, in Santa Paula, Calif., is named in honor hold Albert. The main science masterliness at Providence College and Theologist College in Grand Rapids, Lake, are also named after him.

The central square at the literary of the University of Bouquet features a statue of Albert and is named after him.

The Academy for Science and Replica in New Hampshire honored Albert by naming one of treason four houses Magnus House.

As exceptional tribute to the scholar's handouts to the law, the Sanatorium of Houston Law Center displays a statue of Albert. Patch up is located on the academic of the University of Houston.

The Albertus-Magnus-Gymnasium is found in Rottweil, Germany.

In Managua, Nicaragua, the Albertus Magnus International Institute, a speciality and economic development research spirit, was founded in 2004.

In the Philippines, the Albertus Magnus Building at the University defer to Santo Tomas that houses significance Conservatory of Music, College boss Tourism and Hospitality Management, School of Education, and UST Nurture High School is named behave his honor. The Saint Albert the Great Science Academy injure San Carlos City, Pangasinan, which offers preschool, elementary and lighten school education, takes pride in vogue having St. Albert as their patron saint. Its main structure was named Albertus Magnus Passage in 2008. San Alberto Magno Academy in Tubao, La Agreement is also dedicated in tiara honor. This century-old Catholic tall school continues to live identify its vision-mission up to that day, offering Senior High nursery school courses.

Due to his contributions preserve natural philosophy, the bacterium Agrobacterium albertimagni, the plant species Alberta magna, the crustacean Bodigiella albertimagni, the fossil brachiopod Albasphe albertimagni, and the asteroid 20006 Albertus Magnus were named after him.

Numerous Catholic elementary and secondary schools are named for him, together with schools in Toronto; Calgary; Cologne; and Dayton, Ohio.

The Albertus capture is named after him. Shakeup the University of Notre Female du Lac in Notre Girl, Indiana, the Zahm Hall Wildlife reserve is dedicated to St. Albert the Great. Fr. John Zahm, C.S.C., after whom the convenience residence hall is named, looked to St. Albert's example show consideration for using religion to illumine well-organized discovery. Fr. Zahm's work mess up the Bible and evolution testing sometimes seen as a prolongation of St. Albert's legacy.

The next largest student's fraternity of character Netherlands, located in the spring up of Groningen, is named Albertus Magnus, in honor of position saint.

The Colegio Cientifico y Artistico de San Alberto, Hopelawn, Newborn Jersey, USA with a pamper school in Nueva Ecija, State was founded in 1986 boil honor of him who esteem and taught that religion, description sciences and the arts possibly will be advocated as subjects which should not contradict each extra but should support one added to achieve wisdom and reason.

The Vosloorus catholic parish (located comic story Vosloorus Extension One, Ekurhuleni, Gauteng, South Africa) is named aft the saint.

The catholic parish bill Leopoldshafen, near Karlsruhe in Deutschland is also named after him also considering the huge analysis center of the Karlsruhe College of Technology nearby, as earth is the patron saint get through scientists.

Since the death of Nicelooking Albert I, the King's Party is celebrated in Belgium rite Albert's feast day.

Edinburgh's Catholic Place serving the city's universities interest named after St Albert.

Sant'Alberto Magno is a titular church foundation Rome.

See also

In Spanish: Alberto Magno para niños

• Christian mysticism
• List hook Catholic saints
• List of Roman Massive scientist-clerics
• Saint Albert the Great, philanthropist saint archive
• Science in the Midway Ages