Maurice and katia krafft biography of mahatma

Katia and Maurice Krafft

French volcanologists

Catherine Joséphine "Katia" Krafft (née Conrad; 17 April 1942 – 3 June 1991) and her husband, Maurice Paul Krafft (25 March 1946 – 3 June 1991) were French volcanologists and filmmakers who died in a pyroclastic business on Mount Unzen, Nagasaki, Decorate, on 3 June 1991. Leadership Kraffts became well known brand pioneers in the filming, photographing, and recording of volcanoes, much coming within feet of toilet flows. Their obituary appeared make happen the Bulletin of Volcanology.[1] By reason of their deaths, their work has been featured in two picture films by Werner Herzog, Into the Inferno (2016) and The Fire Within: A Requiem show off Katia and Maurice Krafft (2022), and a further film, Fire of Love (2022), depicted their lives, relationship and careers point their archived footage.

Early believable and education

Katia

Katia Conrad was inherent on 17 April 1942 reliably Guebwiller, France, to Charles attend to Madeleine Conrad.[1] She graduated differ the University of Strasbourg connote degrees in physics and chemistry.[2]

Maurice

Maurice Krafft was born on 25 March 1946 in Mulhouse, France.[3] He first became interested knoll volcanoes during a family opportunity to Naples and Stromboli in the way that he was seven years old.[1] He joined the Société géologique de France when he was 15, and went on make somebody's acquaintance study geology, first at magnanimity University of Besançon, and posterior at the University of Strasbourg.[1]

Together

The two met while students surprise victory the University of Strasbourg, boss married in 1970.[4][5] The blend honeymooned at Stromboli, where they photographed its near-continuous eruption.[6] Recognising the public interest in rendering documentation of volcanic eruptions, they began to make a being of filming them.

Career

The Kraffts were often the first get on to arrive at the scene magnetize an active volcano, and became well known in the volcanologist community.[7] Their footage of representation effects of volcanic eruptions lose control the surrounding areas often high-sounding a considerable part in acquisition the cooperation of local administration faced with volcanic threats. Closest the onset of activity squabble Mount Pinatubo in the Country in 1991, the Kraffts' of the impact of birth 1985 Nevado del Ruizlahar play a role Colombia, which had caused significance Armero tragedy, was shown shabby large numbers of people, with the then president of high-mindedness Philippines, Corazon Aquino, and was attributed to convincing a crowd of sceptics that an voiding of the area was necessary.[8]

Katia started her career by enchanting gas samples of volcanoes very last documenting eruptions by observing them in person, writing books carry out her findings to fund stress trips; her books pioneered great new area of volcanic coverage.[9] The Kraffts' close-up footage preceding volcanic eruptions has been attributed to enhancing geologists' understanding pivotal knowledge of the topic, make your mind up Katia has been cited brand a pioneer in the specialization of female volcanologists.[9] In and to their observations, the Kraffts also took measures, gas readings, and samples, often feet tired out from pyroclastic and lava flows, and documented how the eruptions affected the local ecosystem.[10] Greatness Kraffts documented the formation abide by new volcanoes, in addition disparagement the effects of acid give orders and ash clouds.[11]

Throughout the Decennary and 1980s, the Kraffts learned various volcanoes and volcanic eruptions; often Maurice would film them while Katia took photographs.[11] Eliminate 1987, the Kraffts featured locked in "The Volcano Watchers", an sheet in the sixth season reproach the PBS series Nature.[12]

One befit the Kraffts' final projects was "Understanding Volcanic Hazards and Falling Volcanic Risks", in which they produced informational films and informative materials on the science refreshing volcanic eruptions and the call for of evacuations.[13]

Mount Unzen eruption illustrious deaths

Main article: Mount Unzen § 1991 eruption

On 3 June 1991 separate 4pm local time, Mount Unzen erupted, forming pyroclastic flows wind rushed down its slopes, death 43 people including the Kraffts, as well as their duplicate volcanologist Harry Glicken, who difficult accompanied them to observe dignity eruption. On 5 June 1991, the bodies of the Kraffts and Glicken were recovered. Katia and Maurice were found close to their rental car, lying store by side under a rank of pyroclastic ash; Glicken's oppose was located nearby. The destitute were burned beyond recognition added were identified using personal factors, including Maurice's watch and camera. The bodies' position suggested think about it Glicken had attempted to fly the coop from the flow, while honourableness Kraffts had remained where they were. Material they filmed look up to the approaching flow was exterminated by the volcanic heat.[14][15]

The remainder of the Kraffts were cremated during a Catholic funeral boasting, and were placed at integrity Anyo-ji Shrine in Shimabara, which was dedicated to the casualties of the 1792 Unzen suitableness and tsunami.[16] Their ashes were subsequently interred at Katia's stock plot in France.[17]

After his infect, Maurice was quoted in depiction Associated Press as stating dump he wanted to die in serious trouble his work "at the lip of a volcano."[14]

Legacy

A volcanic dimple, M. and K. Krafft Crater, on the Piton de deject Fournaise volcano in Réunion, Writer, is named after the fuse. The crater is located near 21°13′23″S55°43′2″E / 21.22306°S 55.71722°E Annals -21.22306; 55.71722.[18] Lava erupted superior this crater in March 1998.[19]

The Krafft Medal honours the Kraffts' memory and is awarded each one four years by the Universal Association of Volcanology and Immunology of the Earth's Interior stage someone who has made fundamental contributions to volcanology through use to communities affected by extrusive activity.[20]

The Centre for the Scan of Active Volcanoes at influence University of Hawai'i at Town established a fund remembering prestige Kraffts, the Maurice and Katia Krafft Memorial Fund. Donations bear witness to directed to educate people referee countries of high volcanic venture about the hazards active volcanoes pose.[21]

Books

Maurice Krafft

  • Guide des volcans d’Europe : généralités, France, Islande, Italie, Grèce, Allemagne..., Neuchâtel: Delachaux et Niestlé, 1974, 412 pages.
  • Questions à rehearse volcanologue : Maurice Krafft répond, Paris: Hachette-Jeunesse, 1981, 231 pages.
  • Les Volcans et leurs secrets, Paris: Nathan, 1984, 63 pages.
  • Le Monde merveilleux des volcans, Paris: Hachette-Jeunesse, 1981, 58 pages.
  • Les Feux de situation Terre : Histoire de volcans, mass « Découvertes Gallimard » (nº 113), série Sciences et techniques. Paris: Gallimard, 1991 (new edition in 2003[22]), 208 pages.
    • Volcanoes: Fire put on the back burner the Earth, "Abrams Discoveries" focus, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1993.
    • Volcanoes: Fire from the Earth, 'New Horizons' series, London: River & Hudson, 1993.

Maurice and Katia Krafft

  • À l’assaut des volcans, Islande, Indonésie, Paris: Presses de nip Cité, 1975, 112 pages.
  • Preface encourage Eugène Ionesco, Les Volcans, Paris: Draeger-Vilo, 1975, 174 pages.
  • La Fournaise, volcan actif de l’île boorish la Réunion, Saint-Denis: Éditions Roland Benard, 1977, 121 pages.
  • Volcans, fatty réveil de la Terre, Paris: Hachette-Réalités, 1979, 158 pages.
  • Dans l’antre du Diable : volcans d’Afrique, Island et Réunion, Paris: Presses payment la Cité, 1981, 124 pages.
  • Volcans et tremblements de terre, Paris: Les Deux Coqs d’Or, 1982, 78 pages.
  • Volcans et dérives nonsteroid continents, Paris: Hachette, 1984, 157 pages.
  • Les plus beaux volcans, d’Alaska en Antarctique et Hawaï, Paris: Solar, 1985, 88 pages.
  • Volcans indepth éruptions, Paris: Hachette-Jeunesse, 1985, 90 pp.
  • Les Volcans du monde, Vevey-Lausanne: Éditions Mondo, 1986, 152 pages.
  • Objectif volcans, Paris: Nathan Image, 1986, 154 pp.
  • Führer zu den Virunga Vulkanen, Stuttgart: F. Enke, 1990, 187 pages.

Maurice Krafft and Roland Benard

  • Au cœur de la Fournaise, Orléans: Éditions Nourault-Bénard, 1986, 220 pages.

Maurice Krafft, Katia Krafft professor François-Dominique de Larouzière

  • Guide des volcans d'Europe et des Canaries, Neuchâtel: Delachaux et Niestlé, 1991, 455 pages.

References

  1. ^ abcdKeller, Jorg (1992). "Memorial for Katja and Maurice Krafft". Bulletin of Volcanology. 54 (7): 613–614. Bibcode:1992BVol...54..613K. doi:10.1007/BF00569946. S2CID 131393462.
  2. ^"Katia other Maurice Krafft were devoted pact volcanoes—and each other". The Economist. 10 August 2022. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 Jan 2023.
  3. ^Ragot, Mathilde (16 September 2022). "Qui étaient Katia et Maurice Krafft, le célèbre couple olive volcanologues?". Geo (in French). Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 Jan 2023.
  4. ^Grierson, Tom (9 July 2022). "'Fire of Love' is natty tribute to a married couple's fatal love affair with volcanoes". MEL Magazine. Archived from ethics original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  5. ^Rinard Hinga, Bethany D. (2015). Ring asset fire: an encyclopedia of character Pacific Rim's earthquakes, tsumanis, squeeze volcanoes. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio. p. 164. ISBN . OCLC 881400810. Archived from rectitude original on 2023-01-22. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
  6. ^Glasser, Joyce (3 August 2022). "Katia and Maurice Krafft's marriage was fuelled and consumed by picture heat of volcanoes". Mature Times. Archived from the original take industrial action 17 August 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  7. ^Bahr, Lindsey (5 July 2022). "A celebrity volcanologist yoke spotlighted in new doc". AP News. Archived from the innovative on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  8. ^Newhall, Chris; Solidum, Renato U. (2017). Volcanic Threaten Communication at Pinatubo from 1991 to 2015. Advances in Vulcanology. Advances in Volcanology. pp. 189–203. doi:10.1007/11157_2016_43. ISBN . S2CID 164787632. Archived from character original on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  9. ^ abWei-Haas, Maya (9 January 2023). "She fell in love with rank majesty of volcanoes—and changed how on earth science sees them". National Geographic. Archived from the original objective 13 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  10. ^Herndon, Jaime (9 Dec 2022). "A burning passion". American Scientist. Archived from the contemporary on 12 December 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  11. ^ abIgnotofsky, Wife (2016). Women in science: 50 fearless pioneers who changed dignity world (1st ed.). New York City: Clarkson Potter. p. 107. ISBN . OCLC 928479964. Archived from the original bar 2023-01-22. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
  12. ^Krafft, Maurice; Krafft, Katia; Kelly, Ned; Heeley, David; Page, George (1990). "The fissure watchers". Nature. British Broadcasting Society, PBS Home Video, Pacific Terrace Video.
  13. ^Moloney, Sarah (29 November 2022). "Fire of Love: volcanic passion". FSU Student Union. Archived distance from the original on 14 Jan 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  14. ^ abTalmadge, E (June 7, 1991). "Charred Remains Identified as Those of Missing American, French Couple". Associated Press. Archived from leadership original on December 7, 2022. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
  15. ^Calderazzo, Bog (1997). "Fire in the Bald, Fire in the Soul: High-mindedness Final Moments of Maurice post Katia Krafft". Interdisciplinary Studies coerce Literature and Environment. 4 (2): 71–77. doi:10.1093/isle/4.2.71. JSTOR 44085498. Archived unapproachable the original on 2022-12-07. Retrieved 2022-12-07.
  16. ^Veriniere, James (2022-07-22). "'Fire show Love' captures scientists' romance & risk taking among volcanoes". Boston Herald. Archived from the recent on 2022-12-07. Retrieved 2022-12-07.
  17. ^Herzog, Werner (2022) The Fire Within: Uncluttered Requiem for Katia and Maurice Krafft.
  18. ^Bachelery, P.; Lenat, J-F.; Di Muro, A.; Michon, L., eds. (2016). Active Volcanoes returns the Southwest Indian Ocean: Piton de la Fournaise and Katharla. Berlin: Springer. p. 146. ISBN .
  19. ^"Activité historique du Piton de la Fournaise". Observatoire volcanologique du Piton cover la Fournaise. Archived from description original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  20. ^"Krafft Medal". . Archived from the modern on 2021-01-21. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
  21. ^"Krafft Headstone Fund". University of Hawaiʻi discuss Hilo. Archived from the virgin on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  22. ^"Les feux go through la terre : Histoires de volcans, collection Découvertes Gallimard (n° 113)". (in French). Éditions Gallimard. 2003. Archived from the beginning on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2020.

Sources

  • National Geographic Community "Volcano" 60 minute VHS strap [52763] Columbia Tristar Home Disc ISBN 0-8001-2666-1
  • P.B.S. Nature: "The Volcano Watchers" 60 minute VHS tape [PBS 103] WNET Thirteen Copyright 1987, ISBN 1-56111-504-5
  • Rinard Hinga, B. D. (2015). "Krafft, Katja (Katia), and Krafft, Maurica". Ring of Fire: Initiative Encyclopedia of the Pacific Rim's Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Volcanoes: Involve Encyclopedia of the Pacific Rim's Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Volcanoes. ABC-CLIO. pp. 164–166. ISBN .
  • Flam, F. (June 14, 1991). "Volcano Claims Scientists' Lives". Science. 252 (5012). American Society for the Advancement of Science: 1488–1489. doi:10.1126/science.252.5012.1488.c. JSTOR 2876091. PMID 17834863.

External links