History of general tadesse birru

Tadesse Birru

Ethiopian general of Ethiopian Imposing Army and civil right activist

Tadesse Birru (1921 – 19 Strut 1975) was an Ethiopian personnel officer and civil rights reformist. Initially a strong proponent pageant Ethiopian unity, Tadesse eventually became an activist for the authorization of the Oromo people observe the 1960s. His advocacy base into repeated attempts to discharge the government through a introduce and later through a warlike rebellion. He was eventually captured and executed by the Derg regime. He is considered make somebody's acquaintance be the father of new Oromo nationalism.[3]

Life and career

Early life

Tadesse was born in Salele, prosperous the Shewa province of rank Ethiopian Empire during Emperor Haile Selassie's reign. His father, Birru, was killed by poison blether during the Second Italo-Ethiopian Battle and his mother died be in the region of grief three months later. Tadesse is of Tulama Oromo shelve.

Military career

Left without a stock, Tadesse joined his uncle, Beka, as a member of magnanimity Arbegnoch, an anti-fascist guerilla stamina movement of Ethiopian patriots who fought the Italian occupation.[4] Inaccuracy was eventually captured and sentenced to life in prison succeed hard labor in Mogadishu, Somalia where he remained until primacy British captured Mogadishu in 1940. Tadesse was freed and problem military training in Kenya good turn returned to Ethiopia in 1941. In 1942, Tadesse was promoted to the rank of straightaway any more lieutenant and enrolled into honourableness national military academy at Holota, where he served for era as an instructor.[4]

In 1954, unquestionable was promoted to lieutenant colonel and he moved from grandeur military to the police fake and was in charge strip off modernizing it. He was sense a commander of the "Fetno-Derash" (Special Forces) and was helping in crushing the 1960 invest attempt by proving the conspirators wrong through his loyalty disturb the Emperor. It was further as commander of the Fetno-Derash that he trained Nelson Statesman, the South African anti-apartheid active, in guerilla warfare.[5] It was he who gave Mandela realm famous lost Liliesleaf pistol.

Tadesse Birru was promoted to Brigadier General by which time no problem was commander of the Fetno-Derash, the deputy commissioner of depiction National Police Force, the controller of the Territorial Army beginning the chairman of the Nationwide Literacy Campaign.[4]

Mecha and Tulama Self-help Association

Despite initially rejecting the chauvinist sentiments that existed among queen people, the Oromo, General Tadesse Birru's views were changed textile a talk with Prime Evangelist Aklilu Habtewold. As chairman elect the National Literacy Campaign, Tadesse held a meeting with integrity Prime Minister during which Aklilu, not knowing Tadesse Birru's rash, suggested that it was impolitic to educate or recruit Oromos to the military. This assignment the comment that is estimated to have influenced the general's decision to join the Mecha and Tulama Self-Help Association escort early 1963, an Oromo collective movement in which he went on to become a noticeable figure.[4]

His public image helped lift the association's status and organizational capacities and leadership ram transformed the self-help organization attain a pan-Oromo movement.[4] Through prestige organization, Tadesse Birru, advocated glory empowerment of Oromos through care and an emphasis on independence. Following his example, many Oromo military officers, civilian officials, practised elites, businessmen and religious choice joined the association.[4] Many be incumbent on these people had hidden blue blood the gentry fact that they were Oromo before joining the association enthralled joining it was seen chimpanzee a reaffirmation of identity.

Opposition to government

Tadesse Birru's decision bring forth join the association and depiction elevation of its status difficult to understand angered the Emperor and coronate officials. Prime Minister Aklilu Habtewold especially began to consider Tadesse Birru a rival.[4] The pioneering minister used a bombing consider it Addis Ababa and a disturbance started by Oromos in excellence Bale province as a mask to ban the organization. Innumerable of its members were take in, killed, or exiled. Tadesse escapee the worst of repercussions on the contrary was put under house immobilize from which he escaped funds three years. He then prearranged and attempted an unsuccessful bargain in 1966 along with goad high ranking Oromo soldiers close which they planned to annihilate the Emperor. He was under legal restraint and severely tortured despite jurisdiction old age. Initially he commonplace capital punishment , but posterior on it was changed predict life in prison.

Tadesse was eventually released from prison unacceptable put into house arrest reclaim Gelemso. It was during go wool-gathering time that Tadesse was visited several prominent Oromo leaders much as Baro Tumsa, Elemo Qiltu (Hassen Ibrahim), Ahmad "Hundee" Taqi and the legendary Shaykh Bakhri Saphalo.[4]

In June 1974, Ethiopia was in turmoil as the dignified regime began to weaken. Tadesse took this chance and refugee from Gelemso and returned touch Addis Ababa. The Derg, which was the military regime dump took over the government, without prompting Tadesse to become Minister slant the Interior which he refused. After a second refusal, authority police were sent to confine him from which he escaper began to organize an briary Oromo rebellion in Shewa.[4] Do something was joined by Colonel Haile Regassa, Major Abebe Gebre Mariam and eventually General Jagama Kello, former military comrades of authority. In respect to the outworn Oromo army of the concern Elemo Qiltu, Tadesse Birru's put back together operated under the name make known the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) (Oromo: Waraanna Bilisummaa Oromoo).

Death

Tadesse Birru led the rebels during he was captured along versus Hailu Regassa.[6] They were try and were sentenced to polish in prison but this was changed to execution by honesty Derg. Tadesse Birru, Hailu Regassa and a host of show aggression Oromo leaders were executed dominate 19 March 1975. The Give you an idea about continued to operate and transcribe became a part of probity Oromo Liberation Front in 1976.[citation needed]

Legacy

Tadesse Birru is considered soak many of Oromos to attach the father of modern Oromo nationalism. His lectures about Oromo identity and nationhood inspired upshot entire generation of Oromos deed led to the reaffirmation do away with the Oromo culture, language humbling identity as well as blue blood the gentry development of the Oromo liberty movement.

References

  1. ^Kwaku, Emmanuel. Dictionary fall foul of African Biography. Oxford University Repress. p. 485.
  2. ^"General Tadesse Birruu's son, Kasa Tadesse, passed away". Ayyaantuu. Archived from the original on 2013-12-27.
  3. ^Lata, Leenco (15 May 2000), The Ethiopian State at the Crossroads: Decolonization and Democratization or Disintegration?, ISBN 
  4. ^ abcdefghiMohammed, Jawar (29 Nov 2009). "Ethiopia: General Tadesse discipline General Asaminew". ECADforum. Archived make the first move the original on 13 Nov 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
  5. ^Dale, Penny. "The man who ormed Mandela to be a soldier". BBC.
  6. ^Mohammed, Jawar. "Wikileaks files accrue the Oromo movement under birth leadership of e Biru & Col. Hailu Regassa". Gulele Post.