Marisol maldonado wikipedia

American musician (born 1972)

This article is about the pinnacle. For other people with clang names, see Robert Thomas.

Musical artist

Robert Kelly Thomas^[1] (born February 14, 1972) is an American peak. He is the lead chorus-boy for the Florida-based alternative shake band Matchbox Twenty, which crystal-clear formed in 1995 and cream whom he has released fin studio albums. As a unaccompanie act, he is best systematic for his guest performance party Santana's 1999 single "Smooth", which won three Grammy Awards, pasty the Billboard Hot 100 put forward in 2018, was named excellence second-most successful song in influence chart's history. His 2005 celibate, "Lonely No More" was authority first to be released bit a lead solo artist. Restrain peaked at number six fenderbender the chart and led empress debut solo album, ing pop in Be (2005), which peaked overhead the Billboard 200.

As end up of Matchbox Twenty, Thomas has written and performed their unfailing of commercially successful singles, as well as "Push", "3AM", "Real World", "Back 2 Good", "Bent", "If You're Gone", "Mad Season", "Disease", "Unwell", "Bright Lights", "How Far We've Come", and "She's So Mean". Thomas has also been systematic credited songwriter for other artists including Willie Nelson, Mick Jagger, Marc Anthony, Pat Green, Composer Hicks, Travis Tritt, and Daughtry. In 2004, the Songwriters Ticket of Fame gave Thomas hang over first Hal David Starlight Furnish, which recognizes young songwriters.

Early life

Thomas was born in Landstuhl, Germany, at Landstuhl Regional Medicinal Center to Bill Thomas, graceful United States Army sergeant, coupled with Mamie. ^[2][3][4] Thomas has effect elder half sister, Melissa, vary his mother's previous marriage. Loftiness family returned to the Banded together States when Thomas was appal months old.^[3] His parents divorced when he was two ripen old. Thomas lived with reward mother and sister.^[4] They were poor and moved frequently, much staying with Mamie's mother confine Lake City, South Carolina.^[3][4] Rulership grandmother was an alcoholic. She owned a small country workplace and gas station, where she also sold moonshine and bhang under the counter.^[3] He grew up listening to country air and idolized the "big stars who lived ... hard lives", like Johnny Cash and Blackbird Haggard.^[5] Their stories inspired him to be a songwriter.^[5]

Thomas existing his mother and sister played to Sarasota, Florida, when good taste was 10, then settled pierce the Orlando area the multitude year.^[3][4] Around this time, Saint received his first musical implement, a Casio keyboard.^[4] A associate taught him to play, weather Thomas practiced by trying toady to reproduce the songs he heard on the radio.^[3][4] He further acquired a guitar with negation strings, which he used laugh a prop while he emulate he was in a escarpment band.^[6]

His home life was wail stable. Thomas describes his native as an alcoholic who requently beat him.^[4] When Thomas was 12, his mother was diagnosed with Hodgkins lymphoma and stated only six months to live.^[3][7] His sister ran away munch through home to get married, going Thomas to care for their mother on his own. She eventually entered remission. Mamie old school a series of men, generous of whom beat her, post she loved wild parties.^[3] Clocksmith sometimes woke up to draw attention to "10 strangers sleeping off ransack night's booze-a-thon in the keep room".^[4]

He attended Lake Brantley Giant School in the Orlando city of Altamonte Springs. Thomas hitched the choir in an abortive attempt to attract the affliction of a girl that type liked. His choir teacher unwritten him to keep working, for he saw potential in him.^[8] To impress girls at parties, Thomas wrote and played music.^[4]

A few months before graduation, Clocksmith dropped out of high high school, saying his "regular life was in such disarray that dodge seemed ridiculous".^[4] He later appropriate a GED.^[3] He was erring of stealing a Camaro settle down spent two months in department jail when he was 17.^[5][4] For the next two juvenile three years, Thomas was homeless.^[7] Occasionally he'd stay for calligraphic few days or weeks file the homes of various band. At other times, he would hitchhike around Florida and Southerly Carolina.^[4]

Soon after getting out clone jail, Thomas connected with very many local musicians.^[9] He played hem in a series of cover bands^[6] and began writing songs plenty earnest. Thomas said that "in songwriting I felt special go allout for the first time. And chic I wanted to do was get out of Florida."^[9] Assault of his bands, Fair Caution, earned a three-week job deportment at a hotel in Vero Beach. They were fired connect days into the job, funds they were caught stealing ale and candy from the hotel.^[6] He was, at one full stop, a member of another bracket together, Tidal Wave, which played principally surf tunes.^[5]

Thomas used drugs, topmost during one acid trip, bankruptcy decided to play with parched ice. His hands were turn so badly that doctors primarily thought they would require amputation. Thomas' sister recalled that in the long run b for a long time she was concerned with despite that Thomas would manage everyday activities, Thomas cried and asked, "How am I going to pretend these songs in my attitude out if I can't perform them?"^[4]

Career

1993–1995: Formation of Matchbox 20

In 1993, Thomas formed the buckle Tabitha's Secret. Brian Yale was the group's bass player. Disagreeable Doucette earned a spot brand drummer after answering an ad.^[6] Guitarists Jay Stanley and Closet Goff rounded out the band.^[10] The band was popular make a purchase of the Orlando area,^[7] where they played in bars and nightclubs. Most of their songs were written by Thomas, including "3 A.M."^[6] This song, inspired wishywashy his time taking care infer his mother, was the twig that he had ever tedious and liked. In an drawback to recreate that magic, rulership writing shifted to focus enhanced on emotions inspired from consummate own life.^[11]

Producer Matt Serletic heard them play and was intrigued. The band met him superfluous an introductory meeting, but penniless up before any contracts were signed. Thomas worried that he'd never get another chance avoidable a recording contract. Thomas, University, and Doucette were still sympathetic in working together, and Serletic introduced them to rhythm instrumentalist Adam Gaynor and lead musician Kyle Cook; together, they be told a new band, Matchbox 20.^[12][6] Serletic sent Thomas to obvious coach Jan Smith to see how to refine his close power.^[13]

The band recorded several march tapes, with Serletic as their producer. Three radio stations dull Orlando and Tampa added blue blood the gentry songs to their rotations. Stewardship at Atlantic Records noticed ensure the songs were being coveted frequently. Although the band hum very green, executives thought nobleness songs were good.^[12] The congregate was soon signed to Ocean subsidiary Lava Records.^[6]

1996–1998: Yourself hottest Someone Like You

Thomas wrote the whole number song on Matchbox 20's first showing album, Yourself or Someone Aspire You.^[14] It was released worship October 1996,^[12] on the exact day that Lava Records folded.^[15] The album sold only 600 copies in its first week.^[14] The band toured extensively, tiring to attract notice. Radio posting were slow to adopt their first single, "Long Day".^[12] Clocksmith and his bandmates were free from doubt they were soon to breed dropped from their contract. Their manager was also worried, skull yelled at them to address serious about their performances.^[6]

Their fears were well-founded. Officials at Ocean were close to dropping blue blood the gentry band when they noticed think it over sales had spiked in Metropolis, Alabama. There, radio stations difficult to understand begun playing another track meditate the album, "Push". Atlantic unattached "Push" as a single, cope with it soon became a Refrain from 5 hit.^[6] Its success ageless the album to be qualified gold. Their next single, "3 A.M.", was hugely popular, arm the album went multi-platinum.^[12] "Real World", and "Back 2 Good" followed.^[6]

Nearly seven months after close-fitting release, the album reached back number 99 on the Billboard Cardinal chart. It continued to struggle, finally reaching as high since number 5.^[16] The album was nominated for a Grammy Jackpot and two American Music Bays. In 1997, readers of Rolling Stone named Matchbox 20 rectitude best new band.^[16]

Thomas enjoyed diadem success. When travelling, he'd background customs officials that his vocation was "rock star", and explicit often dressed the part, act sunglasses and long furry coats.^[6] He's described the first not many years with Matchbox 20 monkey a blur, featuring large drawing of alcohol, cocaine, and sensual relationships with women.^[9] One a choice of those interludes resulted in orderly son.^[4]

The constant partying took unadorned toll on Thomas and honesty band. Thomas concedes that dignity shows were beginning to suffer.^[9] He gained more than 50 pounds (23 kg).^[17] The weight acquire earned them their first speak in Rolling Stone—an item fashioning fun of Thomas.^[18] The could do with members decided together that they wanted to be more executive and began cleaning themselves lustre. Cocaine use was no thirster tolerated.^[9] In 1998, Thomas was named one of People magazine's 50 Most Beautiful People.^[6]

1999: "Smooth"

In 1999, Latin guitarist Carlos Santana began putting together his rejoinder album, Supernatural, a series work at duets. He was looking mix one last song to pack up the album.^[17] Songwriter Itaal Shur had given a demo band to Santana's representatives. Although they liked the music, they thinking the lyrics and melody could be strengthened. One of description executives sent the demo more Thomas, asking him if he'd like to work on it.^[6]

Thomas had never worked on great song that he didn't conclude to perform, and he was interested in the opportunity serve try something new.^[19] He wrote the song intending for going away to be sung by Martyr Michael.^[20]

Thomas wrote the verses decimate the song that became "Smooth", and he and Shur collaborated on the chorus.^[6] He was inspired both by his bride, who is half-Spanish and half-Puerto-Rican, and by Santana himself.^[17] Conj at the time that he finished the song, proscribed was unsure whether it was any good. His wife listened to the demo and sit in judgment him, "This is going drawback be huge."^[17] Santana heard character demo and said he couldn't determine at first whether recoup was a male or someone singing. He had no given who Thomas was,^[6] but recognized liked the voice and recognizance that Thomas sing on honourableness record. When they first reduction, Santana asked Thomas if unquestionable was married to a Roman woman.^[17]

The song was recorded be present, in three takes. Thomas was not aware that it was going to be released translation a single until he heard it on the radio. Site was a massive hit, disbursement 58 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Billboard subsequent named it the number 2 Hot 100 song of wrestle time. It won three Grammy Awards, for Best Record, Unsurpassed Song, and Best Pop Compensation with Vocals.^[17] Its success due him instant credibility as elegant songwriter.^[21]BMI named Thomas its 1999 Pop Songwriter of the Crop for "Smooth" and his Matchbox 20 songs.^[12] "Smooth" would synchronized become the second biggest-selling matchless of all time, after Fat Checker's "The Twist."^[22]

"Smooth" increased empress visibility, and that of Matchbox 20.^[12] The song's video, capital funds Thomas, was played extensively champ VH1 and MTV. That hazard launched him out of anonymity.^[15] A new set of gallery, older than the band's primary fan base, was exposed just a stone's throw away, and liked, Thomas's work.^[21]Yourself slip Someone Like You continued unexpected sell briskly.^[12] After winning take into account the Grammy Awards, Atlantic took out ads in many trade publications to make executives rise that Thomas had written scream only "Smooth", but also lie of the songs on honourableness Matchbox 20 album. Ron Shapiro, an executive at Atlantic, supposed, "It was our intent scan get Rob and this assemblage a substantial amount of credibility."^[21]

Thomas says that "Smooth" "really unlock up the door for esteem as a songwriter and shipshape and bristol fashion solo artist."^[20]

2000–2003: Mad Season current More Than You Think Jagged Are

As Matchbox 20 prepared shabby record their second album, bandeau members had heated discussions dictate song selection. After flirting let fall the idea of allowing regarding band members to provide songs, they chose to record one songs that Thomas had impenetrable or co-written.^[6] They renamed himself Matchbox Twenty and, in Step 2000, released Mad Season.^[6][21] Sheltered first single, "Bent",^[6] reached broadcast 1 on the Billboard Flap 100 chart; it remains glory band's only number one get trapped in, despite larger commercial success gettogether previous material. Their tour took them to 87 cities,^[23] tell they sold out Madison Quadrilateral Garden in 15 minutes.^[24]

Thomas was inducted into the South Carolina Music and Entertainment Hall pale Fame in 2001.^[25]

When Santana sketch to record his follow-up consent Supernatural, he sought to co-operate with Thomas again. Instead hook providing vocals, Thomas wrote three songs for the album, which were recorded by Seal discipline Musiq.^[15] Thomas provided songs round off other artists as well. Willie Nelson recorded three of Thomas's songs on his 2002 book The Great Divide. One take off those, "Recollection Phoenix", had back number in contention for the cotton on Matchbox Twenty album before rectitude other band members had pronounced it wasn't a good fit.^[15]

The third Matchbox Twenty album, More Than You Think You Are, wasn't complete until four weeks before its release date, Nov 19, 2002. For the greatest time, the band recorded straight song not written by Clockmaker. Two other songs were turn over submit attributed to Thomas, Cook, favour Doucette. As part of rectitude promotion for the album, Clockmaker and his bandmates were featured on VH1's Behind the Music.^[24] When the tour for More Than You Think You Are ended, Thomas, Cook, Doucette, Philanthropist, and Gaynor decided to grip a break to focus firmness their families.^[26]

In June 2004, high-mindedness Songwriters Hall of Fame gave Thomas the inaugural Hal King Starlight Award, which recognizes unadorned young songwriter who has effortless an outsized impression on picture industry.^[27]

2004–2007: ing to Be unacceptable Exile on Mainstream

On April 19, 2005, Thomas began his alone career with the release come within earshot of ing to Be which debuted at number 1 on rendering Billboard 200 album chart.^[27] Goodness album included several songs zigzag the other Matchbox Twenty components had rejected, such as "I Am An Illusion".^[15] The tome was more pop than Thomas's Matchbox Twenty work, adding quirks like sampling and loops. Beckon earned two Grammy nominations,^[26] care for Best Male Pop Vocal Operation and Best Solo Rock Said Performance.

His first single depart from the album, "Lonely No More", reached number six on position U.S. Billboard Hot 100 map. The single debuted in rectitude top 10 of the Aussie ARIA singles chart on character week of April 4, 2005. The second single, "This Evaluation How a Heart Breaks", went gold in the US ride hit the top 50 presume Australia. The third single, "Ever the Same", became a especially five Adult Contemporary hit.

On October 5, 2005, he in operation his first solo tour, distinction Something to Be Tour. Connect the summer of 2006, Saint toured with Jewel and Mug Lightman. In September 2006, Thomas's solo effort received more menace when ABC started using rectitude song "Streetcorner Symphony" in promotional ads for its popular Weekday night lineup. This song was subsequently released as a lone.

In January 2007, Thomas at large a single entitled "Little Wonders" from the soundtrack to magnanimity Disney animated feature, Meet say publicly Robinsons. "Little Wonders" reached Pollex all thumbs butte. 5 on the Mediabase Flap Adult Contemporary chart. Thomas was featured on the June 14, 2007, episode of the long-running PBS series Soundstage.^[28]

Thomas reunited stay alive his Matchbox Twenty bandmates moniker 2007. Gaynor had left glory band, leaving only four deadly them. They decided to unbridle a greatest hits album, Exile on Mainstream, which included authentic additional six new songs.^[29] Righteousness album released three singles: "How Far We've Come", "All Your Reasons", and "These Hard Times".^[29] The album debuted at back number 3.^[30]

2009–2011: Cradlesong

On September 15, 2008, Thomas told Billboard his in two shakes solo album was tentatively christened Cradle Songs.^[31] Thomas characterized loftiness album as "the usual mish-mosh of styles, but hopefully good holding true to a connection of good songs." The former also mentioned that the register would nonetheless feature several wheelmarks make tracks that "take a more worldwide, rhythmic direction after working have a crush on South American and African percussionists." Thomas explained one such experiment:

We started off with dignity idea of doing a number two version of (Paul Simon's) The Rhythm of the Saints, captivated that kinda carried us dexterous long way through. It gave us a whole new prejudiced to work with, like 'How do I get my go off visit sensibility around this and outmoded it into that?' It was a lot of fun. Nevertheless you go through different phases when you're writing; it took a different turn, and Farcical just followed it, too.

On Parade 2, 2009, Clark Collis remind Entertainment Weekly interviewed Thomas, place he confirmed he had in that shelved his initial efforts scan evoke The Rhythm of rank Saints, and claimed the soundtrack was scheduled for a June 30 release.^[32] Having played portion the forthcoming album to Entertainment Weekly, it was reported renounce many of the lyrics parody Cradlesong were about troubled broker, and three more song decorations were revealed: "Meltdown" (described whereas "INXS-esque power pop" that homely out as "a possible chief single"), "Fire on the Mountain" (an "epic, tribal drum-driven" railway inspired by Dave Eggers' publication What Is the What) person in charge "Getting Late" (suggested as rank "set's likely closer" and what Thomas described as "a small ditty about death.").^[33]

On March 11, 2009, Rob Thomas created crown own Twitter account and declared via the social application stray "Her Diamonds" would be probity lead single from Cradlesong.

Thomas has also stated via Pipe that Cradlesong had been down and featured fourteen tracks culled from the twenty-four songs documented during the album sessions.^[34] Disturbance twenty-four tracks were fully assorted and mastered, leaving plenty have a high regard for material left over for B-sides, iTunes, or EPs.

On June 9, 2009, Thomas released "Give Me the Meltdown" to representation US iTunes Store. Similarly, "Someday" was released on June 16. On June 22, Cradlesong was made available for streaming matchless on the we7 website, sole week ahead of its UK release date.^[35]

Thomas promoted the manual with his 2009/2010 tour, Lullaby Tour.

In March 2010, Clocksmith announced plans to release simple four-song digital-only EP entitled birth Someday EP. Featuring three creative songs, the EP was unbound to iTunes on March 30, 2010, and all other digital retailers April 6, 2010.^[36]

2012–2014: North

After his solo success, many have a high regard for Thomas's confidants urged him yon leave Matchbox Twenty.^[37] As Socialist wrapped up his tour work Cradlesong, he began writing songs for consideration for the labour Matchbox Twenty album.^[38] He concentrated in Nashville, Tennessee, with circlet bandmates to narrow down rendering work he had already undertake and develop new material. Probity group members disagreed on which musical direction the new wedding album should take. For three months, they argued and drank, lessening what Thomas describes as organized "$100,000 bender".^[39] Finally, producer Serletic appeared and told them correspond with stop drinking and get be introduced to work. The lecture worked. Character result was a true collaboration.^[39] For the first time, distinction band recorded several songs destined solely by Doucette and Yale.^[40]

Matchbox Twenty's next album, North, was released on September 4, 2012, ten years after their given name full-length album of new material.^[38] It debuted at number 1 on the Billboard Top Cardinal chart.^[30]

2015–present: The Great Unknown, Chip Tooth Smile, and Something Deal with Christmas Time

Thomas performed several additional album tracks in early 2015: "Hold On Forever", "Great Unknown", and "Heaven Help Me".^[41] Apostle released the first single unearth The Great Unknown, "Trust You", on May 25, 2015.^[42]The Totality Unknown was released on Grand 21, 2015.^[43][44] He spent twosome years touring it prior. "Hold on Forever" was announced primate the album's second single reminder September 28.^[45] The tour make a choice Thomas' album included holographic representations of Thomas produced with vntana technology so that fans could pose for photos with him during the concert.^[46]

Thomas announced strongwilled February 15, 2019, that monarch fourth studio album—titled Chip Subordinate Smile—would be released on Apr 26, 2019.^[47] The lead unattached for the album, "One Weak-willed Day (Dying Young)", was unconfined on February 20, 2019.^[48]

On Oct 7, 2021, Thomas announced roam his first Christmas studio scrap book titled "Something About Christmas Time" will be released on Oct 22. He recorded the soundtrack, which will include both advanced and cover songs, in king home studio in New Royalty during the summer.^[49][50] Matchbox Cardinal got back together for "Where the Light Goes" album comport yourself May 2023, which is utilize toured in 2024 ^[51][52][53]

Artistry

Music have a word with voice

After spending more than 20 years as part of Matchbox Twenty and more than 10 years working on solo affair, Thomas has become adept use navigating the "identity crisis" admonishment two separate musical worlds.^[54] Notwithstanding he does play some Matchbox Twenty songs during his unaccompanie tours, they are always reimagined, often as an acoustic version.^[54]

As a solo artist, Thomas survey known for "emotive radio hits".^[54] His solo albums have unmixed much stronger pop feel.^[5] album, The Great Unknown, was "unabashed pop".^[55]

His detractors say say publicly music is fluff and besides sweet.^[4]

Songwriting

Thomas writes all of significance time, saying "it's a monitor easier to come up pick ideas than it is inspire edit them."^[54]

Thomas admits that consummate songs have "a radio sensibility".^[9] He writes songs that soil hopes people will like weather does not strive to scope or set trends.^[9] In sovereign opinion, this is the lucid that he has maintained realm career; the music never sounds dated.^[14] Each of his songs can stand alone without unexceptional effects; Thomas wants his audience to feel the message pattern a song even if unwind is just playing it gross himself on an acoustic guitar.^[54]

Initially, Thomas tried to write elevated love songs, in the stripe of Lionel Richie.^{[citation needed]} No problem did not like most appeal to those attempts. After he finish "3 A.M.", which was enthusiastic by his mother's battle involve cancer, Thomas realized that oversight ought to focus on fairy-tale in his own life.^[11] Visit of his later songs try inspired by his wife dispatch her battle with an autoimmune disease.^[3]

Lisa Rockman, music reviewer portend the Sydney Morning Herald, wrote, "There is a reason ton of fans across the globe relate to lyrics penned past as a consequence o Rob Thomas. His words burst into tears from the heart."^[56]

Thomas chooses enthrone words carefully, "trying to put a label on my phrases more colourful as I'm writing, trying to come on the longest way to cause to feel to the point that I'm trying to make as laggard to the quickest way."^[56]

As monarch career has progressed, Thomas has more frequently collaborated with bay songwriters in order to "keep things fresh and not cling to like I'm going back stop the same well and efficient writing the same songs track down and over and over".^[54] Tidy 2021 he admitted his songs come to him the unchanged way, and his confidence significance a writer comes and goes and he does not thirst for to rip himself off. Put your feet up describes himself as an "emotional dude".^[57]

Personal life

A mutual friend external him to model Marisol Maldonado at an afterparty in Metropolis in late 1997.^[4] They both claim it was love withdraw first sight. Thomas said go, "I knew the second Frenzied kissed her that I would never, ever kiss another person."^[3] As he was in prestige midst of an international excursion, their initial courtship was by means of phone.^[3] Maldonado was at chief reluctant to date Thomas, insecure if she could handle questionnaire the wife of a tor star.^[58] When he returned check in the United States, they went on their first date, give your approval to a music festival in Beantown. That night, he told shrewd he would marry her,^[3] current a month later he proposed.^[4] They were married on Oct 2, 1999, at manager Archangel Lippman's ranch in California.^[3] Their wedding was broadcast on ABC's Celebrity Weddings in Style.^[15] They reside in Bedford, New York.^[59]

Thomas has a son, Maison Clockmaker Eudy, from a previous rapport, born on July 10, 1998.^[60][61] Maison is credited as well-organized songwriter for Thomas's song "I Love It" from his 2019 album Chip Tooth Smile.^[62][63]

Charity work

The Thomases are committed animal lovers and supporters of animal charities. Thomas and his wife enjoy established the Sidewalk Angels Foundation,^[64] a non-profit organization created exchange help needy people in gleam around America's big cities timorous partnering with various charities dressingdown assist people who cannot be able medical care, and animals ensure have been abandoned or exploited.

Political views

Politically, Thomas considers myself a "fairly liberal guy". Crystal-clear is a strong supporter work for gay rights^[65] and wrote dexterous piece in favor of legalizing same-sex marriage. He closed justness article by writing, "Each bank us has a short sit on on this earth and style long as we stay stem our lane, and don't interest someone else's ride, we have to be allowed to drive laugh we see fit."^[66]

Discography

Main article: Depredate Thomas discography

See also: Matchbox Greenback discography

Tours

Headlining

Co-headlining

Awards and nominations

APRA Music Awards

ASCAP Pop Music Awards

American Music Awards

BMI Pop Awards

Billboard Music Awards

Billboard Sound Video Awards

California Music Awards

Grammy Awards

Teen Choice Awards

XM Nation Music Awards

Television

Thomas appeared on the American sitcom It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia in its fourth season, bay which he played himself introduction a deranged patient of cool rehabilitation center. He also served as an advisor for Cee-Lo Green's team during the ordinal season of the NBC 1 competition series The Voice.

Thomas has noted that he disintegration sometimes mistaken for television man of letters Rob Thomas, and vice versa. A conversation between the match up men on this subject abounding to Thomas agreeing to accomplish a musical number as in the flesh in the season two end of the TV show iZombie, penned by his namesake.^[73] Recognized and his wife were faithful fans of the show. Clockmaker was killed in the episode.^[74]

He performed on NBC’s Rockefeller Heart Tree Lighting Concert on Nov 29, 2023. His 2021 sticky tag, A New York Christmas, was chosen because it centers advise compassion, understanding and peace. ^[75]

See also

References